![](https://www.iartificial.cl/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Test-de-Turing-para-distinguir-humano-de-maquina-1024x683.jpg)
El matemático, informático teórico y criptógrafo británico nacido en 1912 es considerado uno de los padres de la computación y precursor de muchas ideas que han constituido el mundo moderno
Sin lugar a dudas, la figura de Alan Turing es una de las que más se ha recordado en el último tiempo gracias a la democratización de la inteligencia artificial. Además de experto en teoría informática y matemático, el también filósofo y biólogo teórico inglés publicó varios ensayos importantes, cuyos conceptos transversales heredamos hasta el día de hoy.
Se hizo famoso por poder descifrar el código encriptado de los nazis en la Segunda Guerra y crear la máquina de Turing, un dispositivo hipotético que tendría la capacidad de comportarse como un robot que tiene memoria y en la que, a través de una cinta de longitud infinita, se pueden escribir, leer o suprimir caracteres.
En la teoría, esta máquina sería capaz de simular cómo se comporta una computadora y es uno de los antecedentes de cómo funciona la computación moderna.
La vigencia del Test de Turing
El Test de Turing también es ampliamente conocido tanto en la comunidad de científicos como en la cultura popular. Este test busca definir si una máquina tiene la facultad de simular la inteligencia humana y pensar por sí misma. La conversación con un humano —sin que este detecte que está conversando con algo no-humano— es la prueba de fuego.
Además de interesante en sus premisas, esta máquina resulta útil pues se constituye como una evaluación de la capacidad de un robot, una máquina e incluso una inteligencia artificial para mostrar inteligencia, formas de actuar y comportamientos, los cuales pueden no distinguirse de cómo lo haría un ser humano de carne y hueso.
En el experimento, hay dos habitaciones; en una se encuentra una máquina, en otra un hombre. Fuera de ambas hay otra persona que debe comunicarse con ambas habitaciones, mientras la primera debe convencerlo de que es un humano y no un robot, haciendo bien las tareas que haría un humano: usar bien el lenguaje, comportarse adecuadamente, contestando a tiempo y, en algunas versiones, jugando ajedrez o damas, entre otros juegos. En la otra habitación la persona hace lo mismo, por lo cual la forma en que el test es aprobado por parte de un robot es que no sepa distinguir entre uno y otro.
Atingente como pocos test a día de hoy debido al desarrollo de la IA y las múltiples aplicaciones que están proliferando, esta prueba es capaz de distinguir un humano de una máquina, sobre todo si el objetivo de estas, por definición, es simular el comportamiento humano.
Y aunque incluso se le dedicó una película protagonizada por Benedict Cumberbatch, The Imitation Game, estrenada en 2014, lamentablemente los últimos días de Turing no fueron del todo apacibles. En 1952 fue condenado por homosexualidad, cuando esta era ilegal en el Reino Unido. La solución de las autoridades fue que se le encerrara en prisión o se le castrara químicamente, lo cual aceptó. Dos años después, se suicidó al comer una manzana que contenía cianuro.
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