La “Inteligencia Artificial Generativa” es el término de moda por estos días en Silicon Valley. Más allá de los miles de desarrollos sobre IA que se presentan cada mes en todo el mundo, ahora los gigantes tecnológicos buscan optimizar procesos cruzando una frontera: código que se crea, se genera y se repara a si mismo.
En el evento Microsof Build (llevado a cabo en mayo de 2022) la multinacional presentó “Express Design” en Power Apps; un software que permite cargar un PDF, PowerPoint o incluso un dibujo a mano, el cual convertirá en una aplicación funcional en cuestión de segundos.
Google no se quedó atrás, y en noviembre pasado anunció el desarrollo de AI Developer Assistance (Asistencia de IA para desarrolladores), la cual utiliza aprendizaje automático para enseñarle al código a escribirse y reescribirse a sí mismo. ¿Cómo lo consigue? Aprendiendo estilos correspondientes a lenguajes de programación, y aplicando ese conocimiento para escribir nuevas líneas de código.
Si bien ambas empresas han recibido elogios y reconocimientos por estas nuevas creaciones de IA, también les han llovido críticas, sobre todo por las implicaciones morales y éticas que tiene el reemplazar a un programador humano con una máquina.
La controversia creció hasta convertirse en demandas en los estrados judiciales norteamericanos. Tal es el caso de la acción colectiva instaurada por el desarrollador Matthew Butterick, de la mano de un bufete de abogados, contra Microsoft y Open AI. Butterick, quien también es jurista, programador y autor del sitio web GitHubInvestigation.com, considera que Microsoft quiere sacar provecho económico del modelo de IA en que se basa, Codex, el cual se apalanca en el código abierto que miles de desarrolladores han implementado en la plataforma GitHub. “Como programador open source me resultó evidente, desde la primera vez que lo probé, que Copilot planteaba serias dudas legales respecto a su comercialización, ya que se ampara en desarrollos de open source. Es por esto que me vi obligado a defender el código abierto”, comentó Matthew.
Pero no en todas las latitudes piensan igual. Desarrolladores colombianos como Edwin Garzón, quien es experto en ciberseguridad y programación, cree que los tiitanes tecnológicos solo están creciendo dentro de la “causalidad”. “Este es un fenómeno de causa y efecto: es claramente una consecuencia sobre lo que conlleva desarrollar dentro del software de código abierto; considero que ni Microsoft ni Google están haciendo uso abusivo de estos recursos, pues para eso se hicieron así, abiertos. Es para uso de quien lo necesita y quien lo pueda mejorar, y eso está dentro de los principios y la filosofía del software libre”, comenta Garzón.
Algo muy distinto considera Sandra Mosquera, chocoana de 23 años y desarrolladora de videojuegos en Bogotá: “En mi opinión, estas tecnologías están apalancadas en el código que crearon otras personas, de forma abierta y libre. Considero que pudo haber sido tomado sin su autorización. Las grandes multinacionales se están lucrando con algo que es código abierto”, expresó Sandra.
El dilema sobre la posible desaparición de los programadores humanos, para dar paso a códigos que se generan a si mismos y evolucionan, salta del terreno de lo ético y lo moral para asentarse en lo pragmático. Para Edwin, “Ya habíamos visto algo muy cercano con los desarrollos de Meta y era algo que ya se veía venir. Los programadores novatos o poco talentosos se van a ver afectados en una primera instancia por culpa de estos códigos y estoy seguro que en el mediano y largo plazo esta situación va a terminar impactando negativamente a los programadores de alto nivel”.
En el caso de Google, todavía no se sabe si los ejecutivos de Mountain View quieren que esta herramienta basada en Inteligencia Artificial sea solo de uso interno o si planean abrirla al público (Al cierre de esta edición no ha sido lanzada oficialmente). Por lo pronto, el proyecto se encuentra en una etapa muy temprana y no se espera verla en acción en lo inmediato. Aun así, ya ha levantado ampolla y no se descarta que Matthew u otros programadores piensen en demandar también a la compañía o a su casa matriz, Alphabet.
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