El experto Marco Peres, director del Observatorio de gobierno digital y ciudades inteligentes, de la Universidad Externado de Colombia, explica que para construir ciudades inteligentes, no basta “vestir de tecnologías” las urbes, sino cambiar la cultura y la sociedad en su conjunto.
El último panel de la tarde de la segunda cumbre de Inteligencia Artificial de Colombia cerró hablando de ciudades inteligentes y de que la sostenibilidad no solo se narra desde la selva, también desde el uso racional de recursos en los grandes centros urbanos.
Marco Peres, director del observatorio de ciudades inteligentes de la Universidad Externado de Colombia, es brutalmente franco: “No creo que haya realmente ciudades inteligentes en el país”. Para el experto, el futuro de las ciudades está encaminado hacia el respecto de la naturaleza más que hacia la tecnología.
Por ello, aunque existen diversos sistemas inteligentes en las ciudades: iluminación, movilidad, cámaras de seguridad, etc. No existe una verdadera integración inteligente de estos componentes, agrega el experto.
Una situación que se ve agravado por la pandemia: “Creo que la pandemia fue un halón de orejas a las ciudades”, afirma Peres, al tiempo que recuerda que en Colombia existe un empeño en mostrar las ciudades inteligentes como una iniciativa estatal pero en el mundo su origen es sobre todo privado.
“Es mucho más fácil volver inteligente un puerto, un campus, una base militar que una ciudad”, a lo que agrega Peres que los gobiernos de las ciudades no fueron hechos para innovar, a diferencia de las empresas.
La voz de las ciudades
Pero aparte de la visión de Peres, la cumbre cerró con un panel más optimista que reunió a expertos como Alimar Benítez, directora técnica de Inteligencia Artificial para la secretaria distrital de movilidad de Bogotá, Francisco Gómez, Co fundador del Datalab de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia y Aníbal Montero, autor del pronóstico del crecimiento urbano de Chía.
Por una parte, Benítez destacó la implementación de un modelo de video analítica en Bogotá que permite ver cómo se mueve la ciudad y que medios son los más usados para desplazarse por los ciudadanos.
Gracias al uso de este modelo es posible construir una mejor ciudad para sus habitantes, resalta Benítez. Otra ventaja de este modelo consiste en el ahorro en el fisco distrital pues permite establecer cálculos vehiculares que solo era posible estimar, tradicionalmente, mediante costosos censos.
Por otra parte, Francisco Gómez, demostró el uso de algoritmos de percepción de seguridad usados en la ciudad de Bogotá para la futura construcción de cuadrantes de seguridad dinámicos más acordes a la realidad de la urbe.
Además, estos modelos permiten apreciar otros fenómenos de los habitantes, como el crecimiento de la xenofobia mediante el análisis de las publicaciones en redes sociales, entre otras tendencias.
Por último, Aníbal Montero, comentó acerca del uso de Inteligencia Artificial y del plan piloto realizado en la ciudad de Chía, combinando imágenes satelitales y modelos aprendizaje automático para ayudar a detectar en dónde y en qué medida están creciendo las ciudades.
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